Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or
phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
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1.
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Imbalances in Earth’s heat energy help to create weather.
_________________________
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2.
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Due
to the Coriolis effect, moving air particles are deflected to the right in the northern
hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. _________________________
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3.
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Weather radar allows meteorologists to track precipitation but not clouds, whereas
weather satellites track clouds but not necessarily precipitation.
_________________________
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4.
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A(n)
analog forecast relies on numerical data. _________________________
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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5.
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Current, short-term variations in the atmosphere are referred to as
____. a. | humidity | c. | weather | b. | lapse rate | d. | the ionosphere | | | | |
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6.
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The
Coriolis effect is due to the ____ of Earth. a. | revolution | c. | shape | b. | rotation | d. | density | | | | |
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7.
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Low-pressure systems are usually associated with ____ weather. a. | cold and
dry | c. | sunny and
dry | b. | cloudy and
rainy | d. | warm and
humid | | | | |
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8.
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A(n)
____ forecast involves comparing current weather patterns to patterns that took place in the
past. a. | real-time | c. | analog | b. | digital | d. | comparative | | | | |
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9.
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Whether the day will be rainy or dry can be predicted somewhat accurately by a
long-term forecast at the ____ range. a. | one- to two-month | c. | one- to three-day | b. | four- to
seven-day | d. | one- to
two-week | | | | |
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10.
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Low-pressure systems that heavily influence weather in the middle latitudes are
____. a. | polar
easterlies | c. | air
masses | b. | wave cyclones | d. | warm fronts | | | | |
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11.
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A
weather instrument that measures the height of clouds and estimates the amount of cloud cover is a(n)
____. a. | hygrometer | c. | ceilometer | b. | anemometer | d. | barometer | | | | |
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12.
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A
balloon-borne package of sensors that gathers upper-level temperature, air pressure, and humidity is
____. a. | a
radiosonde | c. | a
hygrometer | b. | a satellite | d. | Doppler radar | | | | |
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13.
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The
change in wave frequency of energy as it moves toward or away from an observer is the
____. a. | Coriolis
effect | c. | convergence
effect | b. | Doppler effect | d. | radar effect | | | | |
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14.
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Polar
and tropical regions maintain fairly constant average temperatures because ____. a. | the Sun always
strikes these regions at the same angle | b. | air masses remain stationary near the poles and
equator | c. | Earth radiates extra energy back into
space | d. | the continual motion of air and water reallocates heat energy
throughout Earth | | |
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15.
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Differences in thermal energy can be detected with ____. a. | ultraviolet
imagery | c. | infrared
imagery | b. | visible light | d. | sonar imagery | | | | |
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16.
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A
record of weather data for a particular site at a particular time is a(n) ____. a. | station
model | c. | isopleth
model | b. | topographic map | d. | climate map | | | | |
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17.
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Lines
on a map that connect points of equal or constant values are ____. a. | boundaries | c. | fronts | b. | isopleths | d. | station models | | | | |
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18.
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The
exchange of heat or moisture with the surface over which an air mass travels is known as
____. a. | intertropical
convergence | c. | occlusion | b. | air mass modification | d. | air mass exchange | | | | |
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct source region below. a. | warm and
humid | c. | cool and
humid | b. | cold and dry | d. | warm and dry | | | | |
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19.
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Maritime polar (northern Pacific, Bering Sea)
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20.
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Maritime tropical (Gulf of Mexico)
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21.
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Continental tropical (southwestern desert of the United States)
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22.
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Continental polar (central Canada)
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | trade
winds | c. | prevailing
westerlies | b. | polar easterlies | d. | jet streams | | | | |
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23.
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Systems that lie between the poles and about 60° latitude in both
hemispheres
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24.
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Narrow bands of fast, high-altitude westerly winds
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25.
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Winds
occurring between 30° north and south latitude and the equator
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26.
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Winds
that flow between 30° and 60° north and south latitude
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Short Answer
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27.
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What
is the term used to describe long-term variations in weather for a particular area?
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28.
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Would
a six-month period with no rain in a place that usually gets plentiful rainfall be considered a
weather phenomenon or a climate phenomenon?
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29.
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Describe how winds help to overcome imbalances in the heating of Earth’s
surface.
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30.
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Describe how a cool, dry air mass can modify into a warm, moist air
mass.
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31.
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Compare and contrast the characteristics of a high pressure system and a low pressure
system.
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32.
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Explain why accurate weather data are important to meteorologists.
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33.
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Why
is weather forecasting more accurate today than it was 100 years ago?
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34.
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Describe the importance of data from radiosondes.
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35.
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Compare and contrast the information produced by Doppler radar and traditional weather
radar.
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36.
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What
advantages does infrared imagery have over visible-light imagery?
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37.
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Why
are there accuracy problems with long-term forecasts?
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Compare and contrast each pair of related terms or phrases.
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38.
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weather, climate
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39.
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trade
winds, prevailing westerlies
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40.
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air
mass, front
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41.
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thermometer, barometer
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42.
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anemometer, hygrometer
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43.
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digital forecast, analog forecast
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44.
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Explain how air masses form, and how they help redistribute energy on Earth’s
surface.
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45.
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Describe the formation and location of jet streams.
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46.
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Identify the four types of fronts and the weather conditions associated with each
one.
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47.
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Compare and contrast a continental polar air mass and a maritime tropical air
mass.
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48.
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What
problems are associated with long-term weather forecasts?
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49.
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You
examine two weather maps of your area for two different days. One map shows isobars that are closely
spaced; the other shows isobars that are far apart. Predict the difference in weather conditions for
those days.
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50.
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How
would Earth’s wind systems be different if the whole planet were heated equally?
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51.
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Your
town is experiencing a drought in which the weather has been hot and dry for weeks. Infer which type
of pressure system is stalled over the area. Explain your answer.
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52.
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There
are six weather instruments collecting weather data in a city you are about to visit: an anemometer,
a barometer, a ceilometer, a hygrometer, a radiosonde, and a thermometer. You need information that
will allow you to dress properly when you arrive. You can have the data from just three of the
instruments. Which ones would you pick and why?
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53.
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Explain how infrared imagery has the potential to save lives.
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A
meteorology class has set up a small weather station outside of school. It has a few simple
instruments: a thermometer, a barometer, a rain gauge to measure rainfall, and a hygrometer. The
students took measurements with the instruments once a day for a week. They then filled in the chart
below. The barometer broke, so they were not able to finish collecting air-pressure
data.
Use the chart and what you know about weather systems
and weather forecasting to answer the following questions.
| | Mon | Tue | Wed | Thurs | Fri | Sat | Sun | Average
temperature (°C) | 23.3 | 22.2 | 22.2 | 15.6 | 16.7 | 16.7 | 17.8 | Rainfall
(cm) | 0 | 0 | 3.31 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Relative
humidity | 40% | 60% | 100% | 80% | 60% | 50% | 40% | Air pressure
(mb) | 1000 | 998 | — | — | — | — | — | | | | | | | | |
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54.
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A
cold front passed through the students’ city during the week. Showers occur at fronts. On which
day did the front pass through?
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55.
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What
evidence does the data provide of the arrival of the front? Give two examples.
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56.
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The
students did not record cloud cover data. If they had, what would their observations have been as the
front arrived?
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57.
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Low-pressure systems are associated with clouds and precipitation. If the
students’ barometer had continued to work, would the air pressure reading for Wednesday have
been higher or lower than the one for Tuesday, when the weather was clearer?
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58.
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Given
the relative humidity on Thursday, would you expect clear or cloudy skies?
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59.
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Would
the students be able to make an accurate digital forecast based on the data they have collected?
Explain your answer.
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60.
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Use
the data in the chart to make an analog forecast of the weather for the Monday following the last day
in the chart. Explain your answer.
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Problem
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61.
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Fill
in the chart below with the correct type of front. Use the following terms: cold front, occluded
front, stationary front, warm front.
Movement of air masses | Type of
front | An advancing warm air mass displaces a cold air mass
and glides over the top of it. | a. | Two air masses with similar temperatures and pressures meet, and neither advances into
the other's territory. | b. | A cold, dense
air mass displaces a warm air mass and forces the warm air to rise
steeply. | c. | A warm air mass
is squeezed upward between two cold air masses. | d. | | |
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62.
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Fill
in the chart below with the names of the correct weather instruments. Use the following terms:
anemometer, barometer, ceilometer, hygrometer, radiosonde,
thermometer.
What weather instrument does | Weather
instrument name | Measures
relative humidity | a. | Measures
temperature | b. | Measures height
of cloud layers and estimates percentage of sky covered by clouds. | c. | Measures wind
speed | d. | Measures air
pressure | e. | | |
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Answer the following questions based on the weather chart
below.
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63.
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In
which city is it raining?
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64.
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Describe the weather at City A.
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65.
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Describe the weather at City C.
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