Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Earth’s atmosphere contains more ____ than any other substance. a. | hydrogen and
nitrogen | c. | nitrogen and
oxygen | b. | helium and oxygen | d. | carbon and nitrogen | | | | |
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2.
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When
the temperature in the atmosphere reaches the ____, condensation occurs. a. | flash
point | c. | evaporation
point | b. | dew point | d. | inversion point | | | | |
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3.
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____
can act as a lid or trap, thus worsening air-pollution problems. a. | Temperature
inversions | c. | Lifted
condensation levels | b. | Relative humidity | d. | Convection currents | | | | |
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4.
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An
air mass that has high ____ resists rising. a. | moisture | c. | stability | b. | density | d. | heat | | | | |
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5.
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Condensation
nuclei are particles of atmospheric dust around which ____. a. | ozone
collects | c. | evaporation
occurs | b. | cloud droplets form | d. | winds form | | | | |
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6.
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In
orographic lifting, clouds form when moist winds ____. a. | flow over the
sea | c. | encounter
mountains | b. | become drier | d. | warm up the ground | | | | |
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7.
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Cloud
droplets collide to form larger droplets in a process called ____. a. | coalescence | c. | condensation | b. | convection | d. | composition | | | | |
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8.
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What is the
constant movement of water between the atmosphere and Earth’s surface? a. | precipitation
cycle | c. | cloud
cycle | b. | water cycle | d. | atmosphere cycle | | | | |
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | exosphere | d. | stratosphere | b. | ionosphere | e. | thermosphere | c. | mesosphere | f. | troposphere | | | | |
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9.
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The
layer between the stratosphere and thermosphere
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10.
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The
layer in which most pollution occurs
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11.
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The
atmosphere’s outermost layer
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12.
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Layer
within the thermosphere filled with electrically charged particles
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13.
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Air
temperatures in this layer can reach higher than 1000° C
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Short Answer
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14.
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An
electric heater that runs along the base of one wall heats a large room with a high ceiling. What
method of energy transfer allows the room to be heated from bottom to top? Compare this to energy
transfer in the upper levels of the troposphere.
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15.
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What
is a temperature inversion? Describe the relationship between temperature and pressure in a
temperature inversion.
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16.
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Describe the formation of clouds.
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17.
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Why
are cirrus clouds made of ice crystals?
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Compare and contrast each pair of related terms or phrases.
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18.
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heat,
temperature
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19.
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conduction,
convection
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20.
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Compare and
contrast cumulus and cirrus clouds.
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21.
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What is
moving air called? Why does air move in the atmosphere?
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22.
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A
temperature inversion hangs over a city area. Is the formation of a towering cumulonimbus cloud
likely? Explain your answer.
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Use the
graph to answer the following questions.
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23.
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Describe the
temperature changes that take place in each layer of the atmosphere.
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Problem
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A group of
students decided to make a simple model of the atmosphere. To create their model, they used a clean
glass jar, hot water, and a tray of ice cubes.
The students poured hot water into the jar to a level of about 4 cm.
They then filled a small metal container with ice cubes and placed it over the jar’s opening, as
shown in the illustration below.
Within a few seconds,
the students observed white ribbons of mist forming in the center of the jar. Soon a larger white,
misty area had formed inside the jar between the surface of the water and the jar’s
opening.
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24.
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How does the
temperature of the air in the model atmosphere vary with height? Explain your answer.
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25.
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How might
the results have been different if the tray and ice had not been placed over the opening of the
jar?
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26.
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How might
the results have been different if students had put cold water in the bottom of the jar instead of
hot water?
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27.
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Based on
your knowledge of cloud formation, compare the model with the formation of clouds in Earth’s
atmosphere.
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28.
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Describe how
you would change the design of the model to create a continuous water cycle. Explain how water would
cycle through the new model.
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