Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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What
is the longitude of the prime meridian? a. | 0° | c. | 90° west | b. | 90°
east | d. | 180° | | | | |
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2.
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Which
of the following is used by navigators to plot great-circle routes? a. | Mercator
projection | c. | gnomonic
projection | b. | conic projection | d. | topographic map | | | | |
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3.
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Which
of the following is used extensively for navigation by airplanes and ships? a. | depression
contour line | c. | Topex/Poseidon
satellite | b. | Landsat satellite | d. | Global Positioning System | | | | |
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4.
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What
is the latitude of the north pole? a. | 0° north | c. | 180° north | b. | 90°
north | d. | 360°
north | | | | |
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5.
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Each
degree of latitude or longitude is divided into 60 smaller units called ____. a. | meridians | c. | seconds | b. | grids | d. | minutes | | | | |
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6.
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Which
statement about lines of longitude is true? a. | They converge at the equator. | b. | They converge at
the poles. | c. | They are parallel. | d. | They locate
positions in north and south directions. | | |
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7.
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All
flat maps distort either the shapes or the areas of landmasses because ____. a. | the boundaries
of landmasses are not known with certainty | b. | such large structures cannot be drawn
accurately | c. | lines of latitude are not perfectly
parallel | d. | Earth is a curved, three-dimensional
object | | |
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8.
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On a
topographic map, the difference in elevation between two side-by-side contour lines is called the
____. a. | contour
interval | c. | depression
contour | b. | index contour | d. | hachure | | | | |
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9.
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What
is a graphic scale? a. | a statement that expresses distance, such as one centimeter
equals one kilometer | b. | a ratio that expresses distance, such as 1:50
000 | c. | a line broken
into sections that represent units with each section representing a distance on Earth’s
surface | d. | a diagram that shows the elevation of the hills and valleys of
an area | | |
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10.
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GPS
satellites can relay information about all of the following except ____. a. | position | c. | direction | b. | elevation | d. | weather | | | | |
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | cartography | d. | map
scale | b. | contour line | e. | remote sensing | c. | map
legend | f. | topographic
map | | | | |
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11.
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Explains what the symbols on a map represent
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12.
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The
science of mapmaking
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13.
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Connects points of equal elevation on a map
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14.
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Type
of map that shows changes in elevation of Earth's surface
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15.
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The
ratio between distances on a map and actual distances on the surface of Earth
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Short Answer
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16.
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Contrast the distortion that is produced by a Mercator projection, a conic projection,
and a gnomonic projection.
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17.
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There
is a mistake in the topographic map shown in the figure below. Identify the mistake and explain why
it is wrong.
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Compare and contrast each pair of related terms or phrases.
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18.
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latitude, longitude
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19.
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Time
zone boundaries do not always line up perfectly with lines of longitude. Why?
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20.
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Why
does a Mercator projection exaggerate the areas of landmasses near the poles?
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21.
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Why
are map scales useful?
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22.
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How
does the Topex/Poseidon satellite collect data?
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Use
the table to answer the following questions.
City | Latitude | Longitude | Cape Town, South
Africa | 34°S | 18°E | Pontianak,
Indonesia | 0° | 109°E | Nome,
Alaska | 65°N | 165°W | Quito,
Ecuador | 0° | 79°W | Stockholm,
Sweden | 59°N | 18°E | Wellington, New
Zealand | 41°S | 175°E | | | |
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23.
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Which
city is closest to the International Date Line?
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24.
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Which
city is farthest from the equator?
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25.
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Suppose you were given a topographic map that did not show index contours. What would
the map indicate about the terrain of the area shown? What would the map not indicate?
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Problem
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Mapping techniques can be used on other planets besides Earth. In 1996, the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) launched a satellite called the Mars Global
Surveyor toward Mars. One of the purposes of the satellite was to collect data about the surface
of Mars. The satellite reached Mars in 1997 and then gradually slowed into a low, circular orbit
around the planet. It finally began mapping the surface of Mars in 1999, a process that was scheduled
to last nearly two years.
The Mars
Global Surveyor carries a camera that can distinguish objects on the surface of Mars that are
less than 1.5 m across. It also has an instrument that measures surface elevation as well as sensors
that analyze the heat radiating from the planet’s surface. These sensors provide data about the
composition of different areas of the planet. All of the information collected by the Mars Global
Surveyor is transmitted to Earth in the form of radio waves. The satellite will continue to orbit
Mars for at least 50 years after its mission is completed. It does not carry enough propellant to
return to Earth.
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26.
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The
distance from Earth to Mars ranges between 78 000 000 km and 380 000 000 km, depending on the time of
year. The speed of light is 300 000 km/s. Calculate the minimum and maximum time it takes for data
transmitted by the Mars Global Surveyor to reach Earth.
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This
map was prepared from data collected by the Mars Global Surveyor. The dashed lines on the map
surround the base of the Martian volcano Olympus Mons.
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27.
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The
circumference of Mars is 21 200 km. What is the approximate distance of each degree of latitude on
Mars?
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28.
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How
far does the base of Olympus Mons stretch from north to south? (Hint: Use your answer from question 5
to convert degrees to kilometers.)
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29.
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Can
you estimate how far the base of Olympus Mons stretches from east to west with the same accuracy?
Explain why or why not.
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30.
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The
top of Olympus Mons is the highest point on Mars. It is 27 km above the average elevation on Mars.
(Because Mars has no oceans, its elevations cannot be defined with respect to sea level.) By
comparison, the highest point on Earth, Mt. Everest, is 8850 m above sea level. How many times higher
than Mt. Everest is Olympus Mons?
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