Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or
phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
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1.
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After
weathering processes take place, mass movements may occur.
_________________________
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2.
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A
landslide in which layers of snow slide down a mountainside at speeds of up to 300km/hr is a(n)
rockslide. _________________________
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3.
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Because a heavy saturation of water greatly increases the weight of soils, the force
of friction is more likely to pull the material downhill.
_________________________
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4.
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The
best way to reduce the number of disasters related to mass movements is to relocate people.
_________________________
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5.
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A
method of transport by which strong winds cause particles to stay airborne for long distances is
called saltation. _________________________
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6.
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The
structure shown in the illustration below is shaped by wind-blown sediments and is called a(n)
ventifact. _________________________
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7.
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Many
parts of Earth’s surface are covered by thick layers of windblown silt that are called
loess. _________________________
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8.
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When
glaciers with embedded rocks move over bedrock valley walls, they grind out perpendicular
grooves and scratches. _________________________
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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9.
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Which
of the following statements is NOT true about the factors affecting mass movement? a. | Sudden mass
movements are usually started by triggers such as earthquakes. | b. | After a heavy
rain, sediment moves along with the water. | c. | A small amount of water may make the slope more
stable. | d. | An important force that determines a material’s resistance
to downhill movement is friction. | | |
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10.
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Which
of the following actions could prevent mass-movement disasters? a. | constructing
buildings and roads in stream drainage paths | b. | removing trees
from steep slopes | c. | educating people about the advantages of building on steep
slopes | d. | digging a series of trenches to divert water around a
slope | | |
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11.
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Which
of the following statements is true about wind transport? a. | Wind, like
water, can only move materials downhill. | b. | Wind and water have the same relative ability to erode
materials. | c. | Wind transport and erosion primarily occur in areas with little
vegetative cover. | d. | Generally, wind can carry particles as large as those
transported by moving water. | | |
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12.
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Dune
formation will take place when ____. a. | high winds, sand, and no vegetation are
present | b. | sand, high winds, and vegetation are
present | c. | only with quartz sand, high winds, and vegetation are
present | d. | high winds are available | | |
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13.
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Where
there is limited sand available and strong prevailing winds, ____. a. | longitudinal
dunes are formed | c. | no dune
formation can take place | b. | parabolic dunes form | d. | transverse dunes are formed | | | | |
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14.
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Which
of the following statements is NOT true about valley glaciers? a. | Flow rates are
the same within the various portions of the glacier. | b. | The speed of the
glacier is affected by the slope of the valley floor. | c. | They widen
V-shaped stream valleys in U-shaped glacial valleys. | d. | Movement is
usually less than a few millimeters a day. | | |
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15.
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A
ridge consisting of mixed debris deposited by a glacier is a(n) ____. a. | outwash
plain | c. | moraine | b. | kettle | d. | esker | | | | |
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16.
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The
glacial feature shown below is formed when ____.
a. | glaciers pluck a
large hole in the valley | b. | water from an outwash plain flows into the
valley | c. | glaciers move over older moraines and form the material into
elongated landforms | d. | long, winding ridges of layered sediments are deposited by
streams flowing under a melting glacier | | |
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17.
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Which
of the following is NOT an indication that creep has occurred? a. | Parallel grooves
form in bedrock. | c. | Trees become
bent. | b. | Vertical structures become
tilted. | d. | Underground
pipelines break. | | | | |
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18.
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Slumps are common after a rainfall because the water ____. a. | reduces friction
between soil grains | c. | causes snow to
melt | b. | breaks the
underlying rock | d. | washes away the
vegetation cover | | | | |
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19.
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Which
of the following causes deflation? a. | glacial erosion | c. | wind deposition | b. | deposition by
meltwaters | d. | wind
erosion | | | | |
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20.
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Glaciers covered 30 percent of the earth during the last ice age that began about
____. a. | 10 000 years
ago | c. | 2000 years
ago | b. | 1.6 million
years ago | d. | 50 million years
ago | | | | |
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21.
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Which
of the following is NOT true about glaciers? a. | Glaciers can form along the
equator. | c. | Only valley
glaciers flow. | b. | Glaciers carve U-shaped
valleys. | d. | Glaciers produce
moraines. | | | | |
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22.
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When
two cirques on opposite sides of a valley meet, they form a(n) ____. a. | arête | c. | moraine | b. | drumlin | d. | avalanche | | | | |
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23.
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A
landslide that occurs on steep slopes in mountainous area is called a(n) ____. a. | rockslide | c. | avalanche | b. | slump | d. | mudflow | | | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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24.
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The
slow, steady, downhill flow of loose, weathered earth materials is called
____________________.
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25.
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Rocks
that are shaped by windblown sediment are known as ____________________.
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26.
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Streams flowing under a melting glacier deposit long, winding ridges of layered
sediments called ____________________.
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27.
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The
lowering of the land surface that results from the wind’s removal of surface particles is known
as ____________________.
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct description below. a. | slump | d. | mudflow | b. | creep | e. | landslide | c. | water | | | | |
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28.
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The
slow, steady, downhill flow of loose, weathered earth materials
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29.
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Swiftly moving mixture of mud and water that causes many deaths
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30.
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A
rapid, downslope slide of earth materials
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31.
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A
landslide in which the material rotates and slides along a curved surface
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32.
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This
acts as a lubricant between grains of soils and sediments
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Match each item with the correct statement below so that you have arranged the
steps of the formation of a glacier in order. a. | Step 1 | c. | Step 3 | b. | Step
2 | d. | Step
4 | | | | |
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33.
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The
weight of the snow exerts extensive downward pressure.
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34.
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Cold
temperatures keep fallen snow from completely melting.
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35.
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The
snow recrystallizes to form ice.
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36.
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Snow
accumulates in an area called a snowfield.
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | continental
glacier | f. | mass
movement | b. | outwash plain | g. | loess | c. | valley
glacier | h. | abrasion | d. | cirque | i. | mudflow | e. | drumlin | j. | slump | | | | |
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37.
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A
mass of ice that forms in mountainous areas
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38.
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A
downslope movement of loose sediment and rock under gravity
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39.
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A
broad, continent-sized mass of ice
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40.
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Windblown deposits composed of silt
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41.
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A
deep depression carved out by an alpine glacier
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42.
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Occurs when sand particles rub against the surface of rocks
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43.
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Where
meltwater flows and deposits
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44.
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Swiftly moving mixture of mud and water sometimes triggered by an
earthquake
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45.
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A
landslide in which earth material rotates and slides along a curved surface
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46.
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An
elongated landform produced when glaciers move over older moraines
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Short Answer
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47.
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Explain the importance of gravity in all mass movements.
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48.
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What
is deflation, and why is it a major problem in agricultural areas?
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49.
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Why
is dune vegetation important and what is the danger of removing it from a beach?
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50.
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Compare and contrast the conditions that produce a valley glacier with those that
produce continental glaciers.
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51.
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Describe some of the erosional effects of a glacier found in the
mountains.
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52.
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Name
and describe the four main classifications of mass movements.
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53.
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What
are eskers and how do they form?
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54.
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Explain how and where valley glaciers form. Why do they move?
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55.
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Explain how water can both limit and increase a material’s potential for movement
on a slope.
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56.
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Compare and contrast erosion by wind and by glaciers.
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57.
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Identify the landforms shown in the diagrams below. Then compare and contrast
them.
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58.
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A
family has decided to build their dream house on a dune on the shore of Lake Michigan. Their plans
call for the natural vegetation to be dug up and construction begun. What are some possible
consequences of their actions? What would you do differently to minimize these
consequences?
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59.
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“People impact mass movement just as mass movement impacts people.” Do you
agree or disagree with this statement? Explain your answer.
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Problem
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Glaciers are similar to great rivers of ice. Glaciers certainly move slower, but they
experience changes in flow rate much like rivers do. In order to determine a glacier’s flow
rate, measurements are taken by a variety of methods. Some include the measurement of the movement of
stakes placed in the ice, while other methods might include the observation of crevasses in the ice.
The table below contains measurements taken over 5 years. Two
measurements were taken each year, one in April and the other in October. Measurements 1–3 are
from the top of the glacier. Measurements 4–6 are from the bottom of the glacier. The numbers,
in millimeters, represent the movement since the last measurement. Positive numbers mean the glacier
is advancing. Negative numbers mean the glacier is retreating.
| | | Top of
Glacier | Bottom of
Glacier | | | | Point
1 | Point
2 | Point
3 | Point
4 | Point
5 | Point
6 | Year
1 | April | 141 | 164 | 139 | 132 | 147 | 130 | October | –8 | –22 | –7 | –12 | –18 | –13 | Year
2 | April | 163 | 173 | 162 | 139 | 156 | 138 | October | 8 | 11 | 7 | 3 | 5 | 2 | Year
3 | April | –2 | –3 | –1 | –14 | –15 | –15 | October | –34 | –46 | –31 | –55 | –59 | –54 | Year
4 | April | 0 | –5 | –1 | –3 | –6 | –3 | October | –14 | –19 | –13 | –32 | –49 | –31 | Year
5 | April | 80 | 106 | 78 | 68 | 92 | 68 | October | 2 | 7 | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | | | | | | | | |
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60.
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What
general statement can you make about the movement of the top of the glacier relative to that at the
bottom of the glacier? Explain why this might happen.
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61.
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Make
a general statement about the movement of the glacier over the 5 years of measurements. Explain your
results.
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62.
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Why
might scientists wish to measure and track the movement of a glacier?
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