Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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____
and the amount of strain released during the last quake are used in earthquake probability
studies. a. | Seismic
belts | c. | Fault
scarps | b. | Strain accumulation | d. | Tsunamis | | | | |
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2.
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On a
seismometer, vibrations of the ground do not move the ____. a. | frame | c. | recording
drum | b. | spring | d. | suspended
mass | | | | |
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3.
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A
____ fault forms as a result of horizontal compression. a. | blind | c. | strike-slip | b. | normal | d. | reverse | | | | |
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4.
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The
San Andreas Fault, a result of horizontal shear, is a ____ fault. a. | blind | c. | strike-slip | b. | normal | d. | reverse | | | | |
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5.
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The
locations of seismic belts are determined by plotting ____. a. | earthquake
epicenters | c. | earthquake
foci | b. | seismic
gaps | d. | epicentral
distances | | | | |
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6.
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A
numerical scale of earthquake magnitude that takes into account the size of the fault rupture is the
____. a. | Richter
scale | c. | moment magnitude
scale | b. | modified Mercalli scale | d. | epicentral distance scale | | | | |
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7.
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Deaths associated with earthquake deaths in sloping areas can result from
____. a. | tsunamis | c. | formation of
fault scarps | b. | landslides | d. | surface ruptures | | | | |
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct description below. You may use a term more than
once. a. | surface
wave | b. | P-wave | c. | S-wave | | |
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8.
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Does
not pass through Earths liquid outer core
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9.
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Does
not pass through Earths interior at all
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10.
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Squeezes and pulls rocks in same direction as the save travels
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11.
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Is
refracted by Earths core
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12.
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Absence of this kind of waves results in a shadow zone
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Short Answer
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13.
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Explain the relationship between elastic strain, ductile deformation, and
failure.
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14.
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Explain how earthquake magnitude differs from intensity, and which value is more
important to a community.
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15.
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In
terms of strain, explain why an earthquake is more likely at a seismic gap than at another
location.
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16.
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What
are the two main factors that determine the probability that an earthquake will occur, and why are
they important?
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Compare and contrast each pair of related terms or phrases.
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17.
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primary wave, secondary wave
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18.
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Richter scale, moment-magnitude scale
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Study
the diagram. Then answer the questions.
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19.
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Describe what the graph shows. Then identify what the straight and curved segments of
the line represent.
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20.
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Explain how scientists have inferred the physical states of Earths inner and
outer cores using seismic data.
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21.
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Describe the global pattern of earthquake distribution and what causes
it.
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An
earthquake occurred, and seismic waves were detected by seismic stations A and B as shown below.
Examine the diagram and the travel-time graph. Then answer the questions.
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22.
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About
how long did it take for the first P-waves to reach station A?
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23.
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About
how long did it take for the first S-waves to reach station A?
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24.
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About
how long did it take for the first P-waves to reach station B?
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25.
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Can
the exact location of the earthquake be determined from the data reported by the two stations? Why or
why not?
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Based
on the observations and related facts from the Completion section, how should the scientist answer
the following questions? Support your answers with the appropriate observations and related facts
about earthquakes.
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26.
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Does
the town have a high probability of experiencing an earthquake in the near future?
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27.
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Should the proposed road system go through as planned? If not, what do you suggest
should be done differently?
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28.
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Compared to existing ones, how should the construction of new structures be altered,
and why?
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29.
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How
might existing structures built in the newer part of town fare during an earthquake, and
why?
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Problem
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30.
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A
single earthquake produced seismograms at two different stations, A and B, as shown
below.
Which station was closer to the earthquake, and how can you tell? Use
the travel-time curve to estimate the distance from each station to the earthquakes
epicenter.
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