Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Much
of the water that falls on the ground as precipitation ____. a. | enters the
ground through the process of infiltration | b. | evaporates back into the atmosphere | c. | becomes runoff
and finds its way back to the ocean | d. | forms small pools | | |
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2.
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In
the diagram below, the area labeled A is called the ____.
a. | zone of infiltration | c. | zone of saturation | b. | recharge
zone | d. | zone of
permeability | | | | |
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3.
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What
is responsible for the production of most ions in groundwater? a. | precipitation of
calcium carbonate | b. | groundwater surges | c. | dissolution of
carbonic acid and calcium carbonate | d. | geyserite reacting with carbonic acid | | |
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4.
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What
two materials are necessary for the formation of most caves? a. | water and carbon
dioxide | c. | soft water and
travertine | b. | carbonic acid and groundwater | d. | acidic groundwater and limestone | | | | |
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | subsidence | d. | recharge
zone | b. | geyser | e. | spring | c. | drawdown | | | | |
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5.
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Where
groundwater discharges a volume of water at the Earth’s surface
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6.
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The
land surface above an aquifer sinks because of excessive groundwater withdrawal
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7.
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Explosive hot springs that erupt at regular intervals
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8.
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The
process that adds water from precipitation to the zone of saturation
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9.
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The
difference between the original water-table level and the water level in a pumped well
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Short Answer
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10.
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Trace
a drop of water as it evaporates from the ocean, falls over land, and then finds its way back to the
ocean.
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11.
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Look
at features A and B in the picture below. What are they? How are they
formed?
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12.
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Are
water table unconfined aquifers or confined aquifers more easily polluted? Explain your
answer.
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13.
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What
are the most common sources of groundwater pollution, and how do they enter the
aquifers?
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14.
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Give
examples of how the depth of the water table varies with the terrain.
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15.
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What
type of subsurface material is able to store groundwater?
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16.
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How
are caves formed?
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17.
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How
do hard water and soft water differ?
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Use
the diagram illustrating mineral size and porosity to help you answer the following
questions.
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18.
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Describe the porosity and mineral size of Sample A and Sample B.
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19.
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Which
of the two samples has the greater permeability? Why?
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Problem
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You
would like to build a house in a wooded area close to your school. Since city water is not available,
you will need to drill a well. The well-drilling company you hired did test drillings to find a
clean, accessible, and maintainable aquifer. After completing its work, the company gave you a map of
four available drill sites, numbers 1, 2, 3, and 4. Use the map illustration to make your analysis.
Then answer the questions that follow.
Flow Rate in Meters Per Year | Material | Shale | Clay | Limestone | Sandstone | Rubble | Flow
Rate | 0.5 | 0.0 | 100 | 50 | 200 | | | | | | |
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20.
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Compare and contrast wells 1, 2, and 3. Analyze the potential of each well for a
clean, accessible, and maintainable water supply.
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21.
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What
is the potential for a clean, accessible, and maintainable water supply from well 4? Could there be a
problem with the water?
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22.
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Use
the flow rate table to determine when the sewage from the broken septic tank will contaminate the
water in well 3.
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23.
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Use
the flow rate table to determine when the industrial waste will contaminate the water in well 2. Is
it possible that the waste could be made harmless before it reaches the well?
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24.
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Which
site has the best potential for your well? Explain your decision.
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