Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A
good model for isostasy is ____. a. | a collision between two cars | b. | the water line
of a boat when someone boards or leaves it | c. | scraping food off a plate | d. | stretching a
cracked, old rubber band | | |
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2.
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In
the process of isostatic rebound, mountains are eroded over hundreds of millions of years, while the
crust below them ____. a. | rises | c. | splits to form a rift | b. | sinks | d. | converges at a
boundary | | | | |
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3.
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After
millions of years of erosion, the Appalachian Mountains still exist because of ____. a. | continental
drift | c. | erosion | b. | orogeny | d. | isostatic rebound | | | | |
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4.
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Uplifted mountains ____. a. | form when a large region of Earth’s crust rises up as a
unit | b. | have rocks that
are not very deformed | c. | are the result of erosional forces | d. | all of the
above | | |
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5.
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Fault-block mountains ____. a. | form when two continental plates
collide | b. | form above a subduction zone | c. | form when a
large pieces of crust are dropped between large faults | d. | all of the
above | | |
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6.
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The
Himalayas formed as the result of ____. a. | hot spot volcanism | c. | continental-continental convergence | b. | divergence on
the ocean floor | d. | oceanic-oceanic
convergence | | | | |
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | divergent
boundaries | c. | Pangaea | b. | Europe | d. | hot spots | | | | |
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7.
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At
this type of boundary, a warming lithosphere bulges upward and is higher than the surrounding oceanic
crust.
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8.
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The
volcanic peaks of Hawaii formed as a result of these.
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9.
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Ancestral North America and ancestral Africa collided to form this
supercontinent.
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10.
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Some
of the rocks and geologic structures in this region are like those in the Appalachian
Mountains.
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Match each item with the correct definition below. a. | fault-block
mountains | d. | pillow
basalts | b. | isostatic rebound | e. | isostasy | c. | orogeny | f. | uplifted
mountains | | | | |
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11.
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Mountains that form when large pieces of crust are tilted, uplifted, or dropped
between large faults
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12.
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Billowy rocks that form when lava erupts onto the seafloor
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13.
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Cycle
of processes that form mountain ranges
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14.
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Slow
process of the crust’s rising after overlying material is removed
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15.
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Condition of equilibrium whereby Earth’s crust is balanced by the upward force of
buoyancy and the downward force of gravity
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16.
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Mountains that form when large regions of Earth experience upward
movement
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Short Answer
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17.
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In
the diagram above, describe what is happening in Figure A. What will be the result?
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18.
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Which
mountain range today is an example of the setting shown in Figure B? Describe what is
happening.
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19.
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Explain how tension can cause fault-block mountains to form.
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20.
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Why
are the rocks that make up the Valley and Ridge Province of the Appalachians so highly
folded?
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Compare and contrast each pair of related terms or phrases.
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21.
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volcanoes along oceanic-continental margins, volcanoes over hot spots
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Identify the type of boundary in each diagram.
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22.
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Use
the map of the Hawaiian Islands to answer the following questions. The dates on the map represent the
approximate times (millions of years before the present [M.Y.B.P.]) that the islands formed.
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23.
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According to the map, which island is the oldest? Which is the youngest?
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24.
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Where
would you expect the next island in the group to form? Describe its location and mark the place on
the map.
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Read
a geologist’s report below on one area of Alaska. Then use the information in the report and the
cross-sectional diagram of central Alaska to answer the questions.
The central Brooks Range of Alaska is an area of rugged, east-trending
ridges with heights of up to about 2500 m. This range, which stretches across northern Alaska, is
part of the Rocky Mountain system. Sedimentary rocks are common in the Brooks Range. These rocks are
complexly folded and faulted in the Brooks Range and are less deformed elsewhere. Some marine
sedimentary rocks contain small fossils of invertebrates, shells, and corals and are found near the
mountains’ summits of the Brooks Range. The fossils provide information that is useful in dating
rocks and establishing the geological sequence.
Metamorphic rocks, such as marble and dolomite, are found along the
south side of the range. Several episodes of uplift, deformation, and intrusion have produced
complexly folded, fractured, and thrust faulted blocks. Erosion and heavy glaciation account for the
rugged mountain profiles and U-shaped valleys evident today.
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25.
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How
does the Chugach Range appear to have formed?
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26.
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How
can you explain the presence of marine sedimentary rock in the Brooks Range?
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