Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
|
1.
|
The
existence of coal beds in Antarctica indicates that the continent once had ____. a. | been part of
Africa | c. | a cold, dry
climate | b. | a temperate, rainy climate | d. | been farther from the equator | | | | |
|
|
|
2.
|
____
is a fossil fern that helped support Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift. a. | Gondwanaland | c. | Mesosaurus | b. | Kannemeyerid | d. | Glossopteris | | | | |
|
|
|
3.
|
Many early
mapmakers thought Earth’s continents had moved based on ____. a. | plate boundary
locations | c. | climatic
data | b. | fossil
evidence | d. | matching
coastlines | | | | |
|
|
|
4.
|
Continental
drift was not widely accepted when it was first proposed because ____. a. | Wegener couldn’t
explain why or how the continents moved | b. | continental landmasses were too big to move slowly over Earth’s
surface | c. | magnetic and sonar data proved that Wegener’s hypothesis was
incorrect | d. | mantle convection currents weren’t in motion at that
time | | |
|
|
|
5.
|
Compared to
ocean crust near deep-sea trenches, crust near ocean ridges is ____. a. | younger | c. | the same
age | b. | older | d. | magnetically
reversed | | | | |
|
|
|
6.
|
Isochron
maps of the seafloor indicate that ocean crust is ____. a. | oldest near ocean
ridges | c. | youngest near ocean
ridges | b. | youngest at deep-sea trenches | d. | thinnest in subduction zones | | | | |
|
|
|
7.
|
Features
found at divergent boundaries include ____. a. | ocean ridges | c. | crumpled mountains | b. | deep-sea
trenches | d. | island arc
volcanoes | | | | |
|
|
|
8.
|
Subduction
results in the formation of ____. a. | a deep-sea trench | c. | a rift valley | b. | a magnetic
reversal | d. | new continental
crust | | | | |
|
|
|
9.
|
Crust is
neither destroyed nor formed along which of the following boundaries? a. | convergent | c. | transform | b. | divergent | d. | magnetic | | | | |
|
|
|
10.
|
The driving
forces of tectonic plates are related to convection currents in Earth’s ____. a. | crust | c. | inner
core | b. | mantle | d. | outer
core | | | | |
|
Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
|
|
|
11.
|
Wegener’s hypothesis of _________________________ stated that Earth’s
continents had once been joined as a single landmass.
|
|
|
12.
|
The transfer
of thermal energy by the movement of heated matter is ____________________.
|
|
|
13.
|
The theory
of _________________________ explains how new ocean crust is created at ocean ridges and destroyed in
deep-sea trenches.
|
|
|
14.
|
Plates come
together at ______________________________.
|
|
|
15.
|
A change in
Earth’s magnetic field is called a(n) _________________________.
|
Matching
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | magnetometer | e. | Gondwanaland | b. | convection currents | f. | transform | c. | rift
valley | g. | deep-sea
trench | d. | plate tectonics | h. | ridge push | | | | |
|
|
|
16.
|
A
device that measures changes in Earth’s magnetic field
|
|
|
17.
|
A
narrow, elongated depression in the seafloor
|
|
|
18.
|
A
narrow, long depression in continental crust
|
|
|
19.
|
Type
of boundary characterized by long faults and shallow earthquakes
|
|
|
20.
|
Theory that states that Earth’s crust and upper mantle are broken into enormous
slabs
|
|
|
21.
|
The
mechanisms thought to be associated with plate movements
|
|
|
22.
|
The
process that helps to move an oceanic plate toward a subduction zone
|
|
|
Match each letter that appears on the diagram with the appropriate feature
below.
|
|
|
23.
|
Subduction zone
|
|
|
24.
|
Rift
valley
|
|
|
25.
|
Volcanoes
|
Short Answer
|
|
|
26.
|
How
did Wegener use glacial deposits to support his hypothesis of continental drift?
|
|
|
27.
|
Listed below are the steps involved in the process of seafloor spreading. Sequence the
steps in the correct order.
| | The seafloor contracts and sinks.
| | | Crust spreads along an ocean ridge and magma fills the gap that is
created. | | | New seafloor
moves away from the ridge, cools, and becomes more dense than the material beneath
it. | | | Hot magma which
is less dense than surrounding material, is forced toward the crust. | | | New ocean floor forms as the magma
hardens.
| | |
|
|
|
28.
|
Even Alfred
Wegener acknowledged that the apparent fit of continents or “matching” of continental
coastlines was crude at best. Propose an explanation for this inexact fit.
|
|
|
29.
|
About 200
million years ago, extensive tropical swamps existed in North America. At the same time, glaciers
covered southern Africa, southeastern South America, much of India, portions of Australia, and nearly
all of Antarctica. How does this information support Wegener’s idea of continental
drift?
|
|
|
Scientists
have studied the motions of Earth’s tectonic plates and recorded many of their findings as maps.
Based on the assumption that the direction and rate of plate movement taking place today will
continue for the next 50 million years, researchers have made predictions about the world’s
future geography. The results of those predictions are presented in the diagram below, which shows
the configuration of the continents 50 million years from the present. The shaded areas of the
diagram represent the present positions of the continents.
|
|
|
30.
|
Locate the
small strip of land off the northwestern coast of the North American plate. Describe where you think
this land came from and how it got there.
|