Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The
three ways in which a stream carries its load are in solution, suspension, and ____. a. | stream
velocity | c. | bed
load | b. | stream
channel | d. | channel
capacity | | | | |
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2.
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Which
of the following is the formula for discharge? a. | discharge = width ´ depth ´ velocity | b. | discharge =
stream load ´ depth ´ velocity | c. | discharge = stream load ´ friction
´
velocity | d. | discharge = width ´ depth ´ velocity ´ friction | | |
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3.
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In
order for rejuvenation to take place in a stream, what must occur first? a. | Deposition must
stop. | b. | The stream must dry up. | c. | The land over
which the stream flows uplifts. | d. | The discharge must increase. | | |
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4.
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Which
of the following statements is true about the development of a stream? a. | A streams
slope increases as it approaches base level. | b. | Water along the
sides and bottom of the channel flows more rapidly. | c. | Deposition is
greater in the outside curve of a meander. | d. | The velocity of water is greater along the outside of a meander
curve. | | |
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5.
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The
eutrophication of a lake leads to ____. a. | the formation of a bog | b. | the decay of
dead plants and animals | c. | the death of all life in the lake | d. | fertilizers from
farmers fields being picked up by the lake | | |
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6.
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Potholes
form in the stream bottom when ____. a. | the water dissolves the bedrock | b. | turbulence causes
pebbles to swirl | c. | an increase in suspended load occurs | d. | the streams
carrying capacity decreases | | |
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7.
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The carrying
capacity of a stream is its ____. a. | ability to transport sediment | c. | volume of flow | b. | rate of runoff entering
the channel | d. | stream bank
height | | | | |
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8.
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Streams
lengthen through ____. a. | eutrophication | c. | headward erosion | b. | suspension | d. | upstream
flooding | | | | |
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9.
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A
blocked-off meander eventually becomes ____. a. | part of the stream again | c. | an oxbow lake | b. | rejuvenated | d. | an alluvial
fan | | | | |
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10.
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Which of the
following statements is NOT true about wetlands? a. | Wetlands result from the eutrophication of a
lake. | b. | Lack of oxygen and lack of minerals create an atmosphere that is
inhospitable to many plants. | c. | Freshwater marshes often form along the streams mouth and in
areas with deltas. | d. | Wetlands only exist in freshwater areas. | | |
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Matching
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Match
each item with the correct definition below. a. | rejuvenation | e. | meander | b. | lake | f. | delta | c. | stream banks | g. | wetland | d. | flood | | | | |
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11.
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A triangular
deposit that forms where a stream enters a large body of water
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12.
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A stream
resumes the process of downcutting
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13.
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A depression
in the land that holds water
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14.
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An area
periodically saturated with water
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15.
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Water spills
over the sides of a streams banks
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Short Answer
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16.
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Compare and contrast materials carried in suspension and solution by the
stream.
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17.
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Identify the two stream formations shown below. Compare how each is
formed.
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18.
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Describe three processes of lake formation.
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19.
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Explain how people have contributed to the destruction of wetlands.
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20.
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Explain how floodplains develop such highly fertile soils.
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21.
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What
factors increase or decrease the amount of runoff in an area?
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22.
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Describe
three ways a natural lake can form.
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23.
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How does an
increase in a streams velocity affect its discharge and carrying capacity?
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24.
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How do
vegetation and slope affect runoff?
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The graph
shows the discharge of a river that flows through two cities, Frankston and Wet Gulch. At either
city, the rivers banks cannot handle a discharge of 3.5 million cubic meters per second or
more. At that point, the river reaches its flood stage. Study the graph and answer the
questions.
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25.
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During how
many days in March did the river at Wet Gulch and Frankston overflow its banks?
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Problem
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The table
lists water quality measurements that were taken over a 40-year period at Lake Smith. Measurements
included dissolved oxygen, pH, phosphate, nitrogen, the number of largemouth bass, and mosses and
grasses. Dissolved oxygen is the measure of the amount of oxygen available to life-forms in the
water. Largemouth bass is a common variety of fish found in healthy lakes. Mosses and grasses start
to appear as the pH of the water becomes more acidic.
Water Quality at Lake Smith | | 1950 | 1955 | 1960 | 1965 | 1970 | 1975 | 1980 | 1985 | 1990 | Dissolved oxygen
(parts per million,
or ppm) | 20 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 16 | 17 | 15 | 11 | 9 | pH | 7.6 | 7.2 | 7.1 | 7.0 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 6.1 | 5.8 | Phosphate
(ppm) | 0.0 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.45 | 0.55 | 0.55 | Nitrogen
(ppm) | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.35 | 0.40 | 0.45 | Largemouth
bass | 450 | 455 | 448 | 338 | 235 | 220 | 155 | 125 | 50 | Mosses and
grasses | 0 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 15 | 18 | 29 | 35 | 55 | | | | | | | | | | |
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26.
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What is
eutrophication? Did it occur at Lake Smith? Explain your answer.
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27.
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After 1950,
farmers in the Lake Smith area increased their use of fertilizers. Does the data support this
statement? Explain your answer.
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28.
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How do
changes in phosphate and dissolved oxygen content over time compare? Explain the changes that took
place.
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29.
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What do you
predict will happen to the lake in the next 40 years?
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30.
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The table
shows that the number of largemouth bass decreased as the number of mosses and grasses increased.
From this data, can you conclude that the increase of mosses and grasses caused the largemouth bass
population to decline? Explain your answer.
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